INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT

Here is a timeline of the important events during the Indian National Movement: 

1885: Formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) - The Indian National Congress is formed with the aim of representing the political aspirations of the Indian people under British rule. 

1905: Partition of Bengal - The British government divides the province of Bengal along religious lines, sparking widespread protests and nationalist sentiments. 

1919: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - British troops under the command of General Dyer open fire on a peaceful gathering of Indians in Amritsar, resulting in hundreds of deaths and triggering outrage across the country. 

1919-1922: Non-Cooperation Movement - Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian National Congress calls for non-violent resistance and boycotting British institutions. 

1930: Salt March - Mahatma Gandhi leads a symbolic 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea in protest against the British monopoly on salt production and the salt tax. 

1935: Government of India Act - The British government passes the Government of India Act, granting limited autonomy to Indians and introducing a federal system. 

1942: Quit India Movement - The Indian National Congress launches a mass civil disobedience movement demanding an end to British rule. Hundreds of thousands of Indians participate, leading to widespread arrests and repression by the British government. 

1947: Indian Independence and Partition - India achieves independence from British rule on August 15, 1947. The country is divided based on religious lines, leading to the creation of India and Pakistan. 

1948: Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi - Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement, is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist. These are just some of the significant events during the Indian National Movement. The movement involved thousands of activists, leaders, and movements from various regions and socio-economic backgrounds, all working towards the goal of independence and self-rule. 

HISTORY NEW SYLLABUS

M M M M M

The Indian constitution was framed between Dec.1946 & Dec.1949. The Indian constitution came into effect on 26th Jan.1950.  The members of the constituent Assembly were elected on the basis of the provincial elections of 1946.  The total member of the constituent Assembly was 300.  Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the Drafting Committee, and played important role in the constituent Assembly.  He was assisted by K M Munsi and Alladi Krishnaswami Aiyar. There was a vigorous debate in the constituent Assembly on the topic of the Central Government and the state.  The language issue was debated for many months within the constituent assembly.  Mahatma Gandhi believed that everyone should talk a language which even common man could be able to understand  The Indian Constitution, which came into effect on 26 January 1950, has the distinction of being the longest in the world.  But its length and complexity are perhaps understandable when one considers the country’s size and diversity  The Assembly also had representatives of the princely states.  Since the Congress was itself a broad front these members held a wide range of views  The discussions within the Constituent Assembly were also influenced by the opinions expressed by the public.  As the deliberations continued, the arguments were reported in newspapers, and the proposals were publicly debated  82 percent members were from congress as Muslim league bycotted the constituent assembly. On 13 Dec.1946 Nehru moved the “Objective Resolution” in the Constituent Assembly.  It was a momentous resolution that outlined the defining ideals of the Constitution of Independent India and provided the framework within which the work of constitution-making was to proceed  An interim Government was made under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.  Leaders like Somnath Lahiri thought that constituent assembly was the creation of the British and urged to be free from imperial influence.  Jawahar Lal Nehru also felt the same and urged the members to work for the will of the people.  Heated arguments took place on issues of minority rights and separate electorates. Mr Jaipal singh demanded seats reserved for the tribal people and special rights for the protection  J Nagappa demanded seats reservation in the legislature and reservation for the depressed class people of India  After a lot of deliberations, the Constituent Assembly finally recommended that untouchability be abolished, Hindu temples be thrown open to all castes, and seats in legislatures and jobs in government offices be reserved for the lowest castes.  There was a vigorous debate in the Constituent Assembly on the matter of the rights of the central Government and the state.  Leaders like B R Ambedkar and Nehru were advocating for a strong centre and K Santhanam defended the rights of the state  Centralization now was seen as necessary both to forestall chaos and to plan for the country’s economic development.  The Constitution thus showed a distinct bias towards the right of the Union of India over those of its constituent states.  The language issue was also debated for many months within the Constituent Assembly.  Mahatma Gandhi believed that everyone should talk a language which even common man could be able to understand and he advocated Hindustani a mixture of many languages and dialects.  R V Dhulekar made a strong plea for hindi but the leaders from the south feared the dominance of hindi  As the discussion became acrimonious, many members appealed for a spirit of accommodation.  The Constitution of India thus emerged through a process of intense debate and discussion.  Many of its provisions were arrived at through a process of give-and-take, by forging a middle ground between two opposed positions

NOTES AVAILABLE FOR STUDENTS ONLY

Theory: 80 Marks      Time: 3 hrs    Project Work: 20 Marks

Themes In Indian History   (Part – I ) 

THEME  ONE
BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES The Harappan Civilisation

THEME  TWO
KINGS, FARMERS AND TOWNS Early States and Economies
(c.600  BCE-600  CE)

THEME  THREE
KINSHIP, CASTE AND CLASS Early Societies
(c. 600  BCE-600  CE)

THEME  FOUR
THINKERS, BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS Cultural Developments
(c. 600  BCE-600  CE)

Themes In Indian History   (Part II )

THEME  FIVE
THROUGH THE EYES OF TRAVELLERS:
Perceptions of Society (c. tenth to seventeenth centuries)

THEME  SIX
BHAKTI –SUFI TRADITIONS:
Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts
(c. eighth to eighteenth centuries)

THEME  SEVEN
AN IMPERIAL CAPITAL: VIJAYANAGARA
(c. fourteenth to sixteenth centuries)

THEME  EIGHT
PEASANTS, ZAMINDARS AND THE STATE: Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire
(c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries)

THEME  NINE
KINGS AND CHRONICLES: The Mughal Courts (c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries)

Themes in Indian History   ( Part – III )

THEME  TEN
COLONIALISM AND THE COUNTRYSIDE:
Exploring Official Archives

THEME  ELEVEN
REBELS AND THE RAJ:
1857 Revolt and its Representations

THEME  TWELVE
COLONIAL CITIES:
Urbanisation, Planning and Architecture

THEME  THIRTEEN
MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT:
Civil Disobedience and Beyond

THEME FOURTEEN
UNDERSTANDING PARTITION:
Politics, Memories, Experiences

THEME  FIFTEEN
FRAMING THE CONSTITUTION:
The Beginning of a New Era

Weightage to content: 100 Marks

Themes in Indian History   (Part – I)      25 marks

Themes in Indian History   (Part – II)     25 marks

Themes in Indian History   (Part – III)    25 marks

 Map Work 5 marks  ( Unit 1 - 15 )

 Project Work 20 marks

Total 100 marks

Project Work: 20 marks

For the purpose of project work, the following topics are suggested:

(i) Sources of History of J&K State.

(ii) Food and clothing in J&K State.

(iii) Foundation of modern J&K State with special reference to the Treaties of Lahore and Amritsar (1846).

(iv) The cultural development in J&K State under Maharaja Ranbir Singh with special reference to Development of Education and Literature.

(v) Development of means of Communications in J&K State.

Details of Project Work of History for Class 12th

The marks will be allocated under the following heads:

1. Project Synopsis 02 marks

2. Data / Statistical Analysis / Map Work 03 marks

3. Visual / Overall Presentation 05 marks

4. Analysis / Explanation and Interpretation 05 marks

5. Bibliography 01 marks

6. Viva Voice 04 marks